Additional system wide service information mobile ticketing, smart cards, smart fare boxes via smart phone apps II. With a network of integrated electronic signs, sensors, and other state-of-the-art elements this project will enhance safety for all road users, improve travel time reliability and reduce accidents and associated congestion.
Cleveland Avenue is the first Smart Corridor identified by the City; future corridors are currently being developed to extend from downtown to the Port Columbus airport and Rickenbacker Intermodal facility connecting the employment centers with concentrated transit services, corridor traffic flow technology and digital transit service information for its riders. The COTA operations office will monitor, and if necessary, adjust system performance and Transit Signal Priority requests, to keep the buses on schedule.
In addition, the AVL data will be made freely available to allow application developers to build mobile applications for local transit users. The project used schedule and route information to provide real-time travel planning and transfer request tools to the traveler. Beyond publishing AVL data, the project will also make additional information available for COTA operations and third-party developer use, such as occupancy, available bike rack space, or accessible seating space.
It lets COTA and Columbus extend the reach of current fixed-location cameras, and utilize this mobile technology to detect and report traffic incidents, congestion, road conditions, and potentially serve as video evidence for any crime or related incident. Installation of this technology will leverage the planned upgrades along this corridor, including the fiber backbone and upgrade of the traffic signal systems. As Cleveland Avenue crosses several major east-west corridors, many of which are also being converted to crosstown routes, the City will use these advanced signal coordination techniques to maximize the operations of these routes based on peak period volume, and other considerations.
Finally, to address the last mile connection challenge, the City will deploy and test on-demand, self-driving electric vehicles. The Easton area is presently underserved due to the limited and fluctuating demand for service, but offers tremendous potential to improve access to jobs in this region. The envisioned system would utilize existing public roadways that have been upgraded with technology infrastructure to ensure vehicles stay in their lanes and adhere to signal timing.
Vision technology, such as Mobileye, combined with CV technology will serve as the key enabling technology to support this vision. A continuing challenge for the freight and logistics industry is the limited availability of robust and accurate navigation and traffic condition information specific to heavy vehicles.
Further, increasing congestion and urban development are challenging the delivery systems in urban areas, increasing costs and sprawl. Further, both of these entities also maintain restricted route information, in the form of spatial databases, which are used as part of the size and weight permitting process. The geography and existing roadway infrastructure of the Columbus region make multiple routes available to approaching vehicles, whether local or through, as these vehicles approach the City.
Building on both the availability of data, as well as the unique geography and options available, the City, ODOT and other data aggregators could make this travel time and heavy-vehicle restriction data available in an open data environment to allow for third-party application development. The goal is to provide the freight community reliable routing and traffic condition information in sufficient time to make necessary, appropriate, and legal route choices.
This same data will also be used to provide truck-specific guidance, as appropriate, on existing variable message board gantries located on routes into the City. Given our location as an intermodal gateway, the team will work closely with the local logistics, freight, rail and air communities to corroborate and promote the development and use of this information and the corresponding applications. The traffic condition elements of the broader regionally, federated database, will function as shown in Figure Presently, the availability of both on-street parking and temporary delivery zones in dense, mixed-used urban areas in the downtown area continue to present challenges both in Columbus and in other dense, mid-sized American cities.
Demand for on-street parking is at its highest point in decades, and current development plans are considering the reduction of available delivery zones to accommodate this additional parking demand.
We will also create an app that both indicates delivery zone availability and expands this concept to include an advanced reservation capability for these limited spaces. Preliminary concepts include the use of vision technology, installed in the infrastructure, to determine space availability.
Third-party developers can then use information from these systems to implement applications specific to this need, as well as support enhanced parking availability applications in these same urban areas. Connected Visitors Columbus is a regional destination for sporting events, shopping, medical services, and arts and cultural events. Visitors to these events might stay for just a few hours or for a few days, and need to know real time information related to traffic and parking conditions, transit options, and other nearby destinations.
Real time traffic conditions and routing information II. Real time transit options III. Real time parking conditions and availability IV. Event information i. They include travel time information, route guidance, and parking availability. Unique to this challenge is the local and temporary nature of these situations, which adds an additional complexity that needs to be considered. For instance, in the case of parking, several of the large local events, weather permitting allow for parking in public fields located near the events.
Maintaining availability counts is difficult in these situations. However, there are opportunities to improve traffic patterns and share them with the public, such as using portable, temporary vehicle count and classification equipment, both at entrances and exits to these temporary parking facilities, and integrating information from these type of devices with existing route guidance.
Leveraging the expertise of OSU can allow the implementation of expected wait times to support this strategy. This involves using other sensors and related results, such noise and pollution sensors, heat maps of traffic, pedestrian, bikes; counts of people in spaces and queues of popular venues and event sites, and of animal deer crossings.
OSU is a pioneer in large scale wireless and wired sensing infrastructure. Columbus will encourage the event sponsors to share event schedule and similar information to these same third-party developers to allow for even more robust and useful information delivered to the consumer. There is potential to expand this service to eventbased notifications to alert visitors to realignments, delays, and changes to transit services.
Major challenges include reliable alternatives to personally owned cars as well as last-mile options, both for ablebodied and physically challenged residents. Personal transit services, whether in the form of vehicle-for-hire transportation taxis, TNCs , car sharing, and ride-sharing have typically avoided this market, leaving traditional fixed-route bus service, and in the case of disabled citizens, paratransit services, as the only options.
Access to transportation is also a challenge in select areas of Columbus. For example, the Linden neighborhood has a high proportion of carless households, unreliable access to employment and health services, a lack of access to digital information, and a high portion of cash-based households.
Columbus will work with private sector partners to eliminate barriers that cash-based and credit-challenged citizens face in accessing shared-use mobility services, and increase the availability of TNCs and other mobility options in the community. Inclusion of private sector services in public transportation planning applications, backing by the City for insurance and liability, subsidies to service providers, eliminating barriers to deploying the services, guaranteed quantity of trips, and others, are all possibilities.
Independent of this application, the City continues to work with the private-sector entities to identify a solution to these current needs, and an influx of supporting technologies supported by a Smart City award would only help accelerate these offerings. Other barriers to smart mobility, such as smart phone ownership and WiFi service availability, will be addressed through innovative deployment of WiFi hotspots or access points, building on the digital infrastructure that the City is deploying.
The Smart City Program Office will collect and 23 Columbus Smart City Application analyze project information from this demonstration project for possible expansion into other areas of concern in the City. Addressing the needs of cash-based citizens requires both technical and institutional elements to be put in place.
From a technology standpoint, one of the simplest, but proven technologies is the adoption of a common smart card system throughout the region. Kiosks would be installed in key transfer locations, allowing cash-based riders to purchase or add funds to their smart cards. Another option is a mobile application that tracks an account rather than a card itself. This would be an app based service, which is safer than a card, requires much less permanent infrastructure e.
Institutional elements might include added protections and insurance, held by the City or private providers that allow for this segment of the population to utilize their services even in the absence of established credit. And while not immediately planned, the area is also a possible opportunity to deploy automated and electronic vehicles to address last-mile challenges.
Inclusion of this element is dependent on the level of funding provided. It is envisioned that through these efforts Linden will become a transit-advantaged neighborhood and help provide improved ladders of opportunity to our residents. Sustainable Transportation Options The vision for Columbus is a healthy, prosperous, and beautiful city that requires the City to take a proactive approach to addressing climate change.
Building on the recently completed AEP Smart Grid project in northeast Columbus, we will work to increase utilization of electric vehicles and expand Smart Grid technology to new areas of the City. We plan to pursue expanding the use of electric vehicles EV with several policy and practice changes at the City and incentives to developers, and expand our Smart Grid project to other parts of Columbus.
This Smart Grid project will incorporate EV storage capability. Encourage EV usage. Work with the current car sharing service providers to convert to EV fleet by installing 24 Columbus Smart City Application EV recharging stations Pursue continued conversion to CNG and investigate converting portion of City fleet to EVs and share EV fleet during off hours to citizens Enhance the alternative fuel and EV recharging facilities location app Adopt parking codes that require EV recharging facility parking facilities and street parking Encouraging electric vehicle usage will require the City to both push and pull.
Columbus will work directly with our electric company partner AEP to expand the Smart Grid project to other parts of the City. Together, these efforts will take advantage of the EV storage capability. To encourage the purchase and use of electric vehicles in the region, the City will focus on installing recharging stations in a variety of locations for public use, and leverage the work conducted by Clean Fuels Ohio. EV recharging stations at on-street parking spaces will have first priority, followed by stations at public and private parking facilities.
At the same time, the City will increase the ease and cost of using EV charging stations using a cost-sensitive approach similar to that of the Smart Grid that will help reduce spikes in demand and to keep operating costs as low as possible for the installed system.
Multiple charging stations will be configured to stagger charging cycles so that the demand remains as flat as possible. Depending on the impact of the selected technology, this same system will look to identify times during operational periods when it is optimal to perform even a quick, partial recharge.
These combine to produce optimal performance balanced with minimal cost. The addition of EVs and charging stations to the electric grid offer unique opportunities to test new ways of energy capture, storage and use.
Solar panels, which are a major component of the Tesla recharging model, will be installed in large arrays adjacent with recharging stations. This practice is already in use for consumers and business that have solar or wind generating capabilities, so expanding the Smart Grid to facilitate this could be a major benefit to other mid-size cities. Columbus is also interested in using the EV itself as a storage device on the grid. For example, the electric utility, instead of having to increase output, may be able to obtain some stored electricity from EVs connected to a charging station.
Eventually, after the period of peak demand, the grid would reverse and restore charge in the EV. As part of this project, the City, OSU researchers, AEP, and our EV partners will explore ways in which a system acting in this manner might be possible to implement, possibly building a model for future energy storage.
Fundamental to achieving this goal is the need to capture, manage, understand, and most importantly, react to this data as part of a continually evolving and improving process. Columbus and its partners have a longstanding commitment to ensuring data is accessible to its citizens, private partners, and other cities in order to fuel entrepreneurship and innovation across the Midwest.
As an example, the Regional Data Lab for the Columbus Region integrates and aggregates data from a county region that is home to over 2 million people. The lab has two prongs: a robust website serves as a portal to search data from multiple sources to support research, government and business; and a collaborative approach for governing the website to assure credibility and sustained support. The task force that helped design this capability recommended that the website include a data catalog, opportunities for public interaction, readymade maps and tables, and a platform for sharing analyses.
This website has already proven to be a catalyst for entrepreneurialism, building awareness around social issues, and supporting other value-added applications. MORPC administers the website with help from Columbus, OSU, business, and other multi-disciplinary partners familiar with health, infrastructure, and environmental data in the region. The concept of smart city may vary from person to person, but it is a truth altogether that in the formation of smart city every comprised unit should be made so competent that it must contribute to it accordingly.
To have an honor of being called a smart city a city must fulfill certain criteria of different aspects. In the case of India this principle gets a bit difficult. Since, India has a very rich heritage the responsibility of its citizens becomes intense to preserve its culture, traditions and customs with the modern outlook. The whole intelligentsia will have to unite to comprehend how literacy and literature altogether contribute in the preservation of culture and traditional treasure.
Every individual should be aware of not only his rights but also his duties and he must also know that he too is responsible for the mass development. Present paper is an attempt to signify the unique identity of India which lies in its diverse customs and how literature may be helpful in making humans aware of the relevant characteristics of every age.
There may be a contradiction because an uneducated person may also be civilized but there can be no argument against the fact that a literary person is aware of his surroundings and thus he may be more responsible stakeholder for the smart city environment. Download Free PDF. Seng Boon Lim. Jalaluddin Abdul Malek. Mohd Yusof Hussain. Zurinah Tahir. A short summary of this paper. Download Download PDF. Translate PDF.
As argued by the authors, this chapter has impacted the invariable normative content of the S. Augusto ed. Lim et al. The objective of this chapter is to dissect the MSCF framework on the aspect of its ability and relationship in shaping smart citizenship for Malaysian society. To answer this objective, in the following section, the authors reviewed the background of the MSCF and theoretical framing of citizenship; and the citizenship context in Malaysia. Besides, from the ground, citizen participation is essential, especially in the democratic political participation that involves decision-making.
In the 11 guiding principles in MSCF , p. From Joss et al. Demography wise, during the s, the Bumiputera lit. After the formation of Malaysia in together with Sabah, Sarawak and Singapore , and Singapore exit from Malaysia in , the demography of Bumiputera has grown since then and achieved Although since the independence in , and also written in the Malaysia Constitution, the said Chinese and Indian immigrants gained their status as Malaysia citizen.
Methodology This study applied the text occurrence and co-occurrence analysis using Microsoft Excel and AntConC software, as well as thematic analysis using Atlas. The MSCF document was analyzed in order to achieve the research objective as stated in the Introduction section. The purpose of close textual analysis was to provide a measure of relative weight given to citizenship in the MSCF document.
Other than that, the overall themes for the whole thematic analysis were summarized to form an understanding of the relationship between a smart city and citizenship. The third source is the overall themes derived to capture the implicit meanings of citizenship contained in the MSCF document. Even though Fig. As shown in Fig. A comparison of Figs. However, there is one consistency between the strategy implementation and policy direction in that the theme of social inclusion is given the least priority, as evidenced by its position at the bottom of the rankings.
Overall, the mode of the Malaysian citizenship as mentioned in the MSCF docu- ment aligns predominantly with the socioeconomic interests. A similar picture emerges from the co-occurrence count from AntConc 3. Overall Themes on the Relationship Between Smart City and Citizenship Following the above analysis of the policies and strategies as well as text occurrence and co-occurrence, the authors derived three themes, as follows: 1.
Also, the MSCF does not emphasize that the individual stands in essentially shared relations with the community. The latter is, therefore, a constitutive community formed through a reciprocal relationship with individual citizens.
Furthermore, important citizenship topics such as enhancement of public delib- eration and political contestation as essential parts of establishing common values and goods were not discussed. Thus, this might be one of the reasons lacking expertise that this participatory governance style is excluded in MSCF.
Furthermore, the MSCF document emphasizes on the importance of digital infrastructure, data, and new digital applications to solve urban challenges, and it requires the citizens to keep themselves up to date, learn, and provide data for the required analysis. Although life-long learning is stated as a need, the mastermind of technological solutions is still hinted to be led by businesses and corporations see MSCF , p.
Another example of the enhancement of public partic- ipation is through online full council meetings see MSCF , pp. Other than that, the ways to balance the high level of technology by corpora- tions and low level of technology by citizens ground level innovations for city solutions were not discussed.
Lack of theoretical support and practical strategies in shaping the smart citizen- ship in Malaysia With the establishment of the Multimedia Super Corridor MSC in the early s, Malaysia somehow entered early into the digital or smart city era.
This must be a nation at peace with itself, territorially, and ethnically integrated, living in harmony and full and fair partnership, made up of one Bangsa Malaysia with political loyalty and dedication to the nation. Mohammed , p. Shamsul , p. This scenario has resulted in the lack of theoretical support and practical strategies to truly shape the smart citizenship in Malaysia.
Suggestions in Building Smart City and Smart Citizenship in Malaysia All the three themes derived in the previous section are considered as some of the needs or inadequacy of the Malaysian society in creating the smart citizenship in future smart city buildings.
Malaysia needs to learn discursively from international smart cities and related citizenship standards and practices, such as those developed by the British Standards Institution BSI n. Besides, the MSCF framework is ambitious, aiming at drafting 16 policies, 36 strategies, initiatives, and numerous indicators of smart city components, along with providing suggestions for governance arrangements e.
The authors found that most of the baseline data for the indicators are country-level measurements, which might not be suitable or provide little information for the local authorities. In other words, Malaysia needs to rethink its smart participatory and open governance style and consider providing space for different types of democracy see Bari ; Berger ; Diamond ; Hollo ; Paivarinta and Saebo The current semi-democratic authoritarian realm is inclined towards individual-liberals, and for the authentic citizenship regime Jenson to grow in Malaysia, the civic-republicans or social investment Deeming and Smyth style of democracy should be studied thoroughly and implemented in stages.
The emphasis on open source development community plays an important role in creating responsible citizens, and such experimentation activi- ties are recommended to be fully supported by local authorities. This ecosystem consists of public-private-people partnership and employ four main activities, namely co-creation co-design by users and producers , exploration discovering emerging usages, behaviors, and market opportunities , experimentation implementing live scenarios within communities of users , and evaluation assessment of concepts, products, and services according to various criteria The Open University , p.
This top-down plan describes the future of Dubai from holistic and complementary perspectives, starting with the people and society. Clearly, this plan prioritizes citizens over cars, and meeting society needs is the utmost concern of the government. Singapore does not publish a smart city framework like Malaysia. Singapore , p. Hoe concluded that the Smart Nation concept opens a new paradigm in collaboration with the citizens. Contemplating on the loyalty issue, the formation of the idea of Bangsa Malaysia, and the mentality of the majority of Malaysian could still be stuck back in the wartime, as building a nation during wartime fears the loyalty of immigrants i.
These bills have consistently provided protection political and civil rights for its citizens by ensuring long-term social justice and is widely referred by other countries. It would be good for Malaysia to incorporate the essence of these bills in building the smart citizenship locally. Concerning society-building practices, the Malaysian government might have overlooked that the future population will concentrate in the cities. Perhaps they do not see a smart city as a kind of state-building or united society-building; instead, they view a smart city as merely a strategy in achieving an advanced industrialized country status with a fully modern society.
This modern society concept emphasizes state-of-the-art ICT infrastructures but not the mentality of building Malaysia as a shared responsibility society and united nation that is inclusive of all races and regions. Last but not least, the Malaysian citizens should put aside all their differences and assume the responsibility for building the smart nation.
The citizens have the responsibility and right to challenge the issues, as all the different parties hold different ideologies and narratives.
Based on observations, the Malaysian citizens view city building as the responsibility of the authority with minimal responsi- bility to be borne by the citizens. Passive actions and lack of critical thinking in cases such as littering and turning a blind eye or showing over-kindness towards corrupted leaders as well as low levels of local innovations and co-creating projects initiated by the rakyat together with the authorities are observed.
If the Malaysians continue to be ignorant and refuse to shift their thinking towards civic-republicans or social investment Jenson , then the nations-of-intent and Malaysian ideal nation state by Shamsul will remain as a utopian state for the Malaysian society.
Malaysia, a smart and united nation. It has impacted the invariable normative content of the technological driven smart concept, as this smart concept should and always need to include dimensions of forming smart citizenship.
It sparks discussions on linking both smart city development and citizenship in Malaysia. Acknowledgments This study has received no research funding from any organization. Realiti kepelbagaian kaum ke arah perpaduan nasional pasca merdeka.
Malaysian Journal of Social Science, 2, 1— Abdul Malek, J. Understanding the issues of citizen participation. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 4 1 , 1— Aris, A. Membina Bangsa Malaysia. Arnstein, S. A ladder of citizen participation. Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 35 4 , — Atkinson, S. What worries the world. Paris: Ipsos. Balestrini, M. Beyond boundaries: The home as city infrastructure for smart citizens. Bari, A.
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